Health & Wellness
Testimony from ragged FDA deputy commissioner on child contrivance disaster

Published
2 years agoon

— OPINION —
Editor’s show: Here’s the March 28 written assertion of Frank Yiannas, M.P.H.Prior FDA Deputy Commissioner, Meals Policy & Response (Nov 2018 – Feb 2023) for the Subcommitte On Health Care And Monetary Services U.S. House Of Representatives FDA Oversight Piece I: The Tiny one Formula Scarcity March 28, 2023
Introduction
Chair McClain, Ranking Member Porter, and members of the Subcommittee, thanks for intelligent me right here on the present time to testify sooner than you and, extra importantly, for your hobby in greater plan what came about, so we can terminate an child contrivance disaster of this nature from ever occurring again.
Our bosses, the American of us, and namely the most susceptible of patrons – infants – deserve that from us, so I thanks for scheduling and conducting this hearing.
Background
In gradual February of 2022, already amid out of the ordinary provide chain challenges brought upon by the pandemic, our nation’s fogeys and caregivers learned of a extremely substantial recall affecting relied on family producers of powdered child contrivance (PIF) products, corresponding to Similac, Alimentum, and EleCare manufactured in a facility positioned in Sturgis, Michigan. The company that produced these products, Abbott Diet (AN), voluntarily recalled these products after learning of extra than one circumstances of kid ailments prompted by a uncommon and in total fatal microorganism, known as Cronobacrer sakazakii, which is in total associated with PIF. Numerous confirmed circumstances of in uncomfortable health infants indicated that every and every person had consumed PIF produced in AN’s Sturgis facility. The ailments, along with prerequisites detected at that facility all the contrivance through a FDA inspection, corresponding to insanitary prerequisites, an environment heinous with extra than one traces of Cronobacter sakazakii, and severe equipment in disrepair, led AN to invent a voluntary recall on February 17, 2022. All in all, there had been four child ailments of Cronobacter sakazakki linked this incident and, tragically, 2 of them resulted in death.
My Trigger of Being Here This present day
It has been over a year since this incident started. There has already been a Congressional oversight hearing held by a House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations in Would possibly possibly possibly additionally of 2022. The FDA issued its procure model of what transpired in a document in September of 2022 titled, FDA Overview of Tiny one Formula Response. And there used to be huge media protection of the incident.
But, no topic these actions, an glorious and transparent plan of what took blueprint and the contributing elements that allowed it to occur – relish remained elusive. It’s most severe that we be taught from this trip and relish shut collective movement as a nation to terminate something like this from ever occurring again.
Customers deserve greater. And there would possibly possibly be extra that the trade and regulators can and MUST attain.
As a result of this fact, I arrive to you on the present time with out regard to partisan politics, nonetheless as a legit who has devoted my life’s work to keeping patrons, each and every within the general public and non-public sectors. The organism that prompted these tragic ailments, Cronobacter, would no longer peek political parties, so as we watch solutions, neither have to mild we.
I also arrive sooner than you on the present time with a balcony level see of what came about. Whereas being made attentive to the incident grand too gradual, on February 10, 2022, a full 4 months for the reason that important of a chain of ailments and a whistle blower document had been got by the agency, once I turned conscious, me and my crew jumped into movement and started coordinating day after day meetings with executives of the numerous, decentralized places of work and centers on the FDA eager with this subject. I also led the FDA’s Incident Management Personnel (IMG) for the baby contrivance response, subsequent to the recall taking blueprint.
What Follows
For the relaxation of this testimony, my intent is to place out the severe parts or elements that allowed this disaster to occur. My intent is to achieve that in a fact-finding – reasonably than a fault-finding – manner. And I hope to blueprint a heavy emphasis in my testimony on the inspiration reason and contributing elements that allowed it to occur, in hopes that this would possibly possibly allow us to focal level on preventative solutions.
Why? Because, a year later, it is my see that the yelp of the baby contrivance trade on the present time is no longer grand diversified than it used to be then. The public health surveillance gadget for this pathogen remains insufficient, the critical safeguards relish no longer been evolved or bolstered at an ample tempo to terminate a re-occurrence or future ailments, and the baby contrivance provide chain continues to lack resiliency. In other phrases, the nation remains one outbreak, tornado, flood, or cyber-attack faraway from finding itself in a identical blueprint to that of February 17, 2022.
That blueprint is a repeat subject where fogeys hear of infants turning into severely in uncomfortable health resulting from Cronobacter sakazakii, finding cabinets at their native grocery retailer empty for his or her desired child contrivance products, and having to dismay in regards to the safety of what they are feeding their infants.
Below, I would possibly possibly perhaps love to exhaust the next couple of minutes strolling you through my recollection of events, which I hope will paint a checklist of why I’m centered on these key areas.
Inadequate Public Health Surveillance for Sicknesses prompted by Cronobacter sakazakii
In 2011, Congress handed the Meals Security Modernization Act, identified as FSMA. Their mandate to the trade and FDA then is mild factual on the present time. It’s no longer ample to acknowledge to ailments, outbreaks, or recollects of food after they occur. We must attain extra to terminate them from occurring within the predominant blueprint.
Great of what all people is conscious of about foodborne ailments, their frequency, severity, the meals that encourage as important autos for transmission, besides to new routes of contamination, is a outcomes of progress made doable by foodborne disease surveillance efforts. Foundational to enhancements to the food safety gadget is a latest foodborne disease surveillance program. As said by Dr Scharff and Dr Hedberg within the e book Meals Security Economics, published by Springer Scientific, “a foodborne illness surveillance gadget is designed to amass, analyze, and disseminate info about foodborne ailments. As a result, they aid solve severe info issues faced by patrons, firms, and govt companies. By offering greater info to the market, these surveillance systems beget incentives (accountability) that ends in safer meals and greater person consciousness.”
In this instance, the foodborne disease surveillance gadget for Cronobacter sakazakii failed us and it MUST be improved.
No longer like other foodborne ailments, Cronobacter sakazakii infections are NOT a nationally notifiable situation and is no longer reportable in most states. In maintaining with the Facilities for Disease Management and Prevention (CDC), Minnesota and Michigan are the most convenient states that require reporting and the CDC experiences that they usually get experiences of handiest 2 to 4 Cronobacter infections in infants per year. That manner that there are doubtlessly circumstances of severe child ailments and deaths, despite the indisputable fact that presumably uncommon, occurring within the US resulting from Cronobacter and that these circumstances remain nameless, unreported, and invisible to most of the nation.
A leer by the CDC in 2014, published within the Journal of Rising Infectious Ailments, titled Incidence of Cronobacter spp. Infections, United States, 2003–2009, estimated that the incidence of Cronobacter sakazakii among infants (zero to three hundred and sixty five days of age) used to be 0.49 per 100,000 population.
As illustration, for the incidence of one other pathogen that is of low frequency nonetheless excessive severity, Listeria monocytogenes, the CDC estimates that there are 0.31 laboratory-diagnosed, domestically acquired infections per 100,000 population. This incidence rate is decrease than that of Cronobacter among infants, the most susceptible of patrons, but Listeria is a reportable disease, nonetheless Cronobacter is no longer. It’s handiest through reporting, and utilization of instruments corresponding to entire genome sequencing (WGS) of the isolates of Listeria monocytogenes detected that now we relish evolved what all people is conscious of about Listeriosis. Thanks to that, on the present time, we now know that most of the circumstances of Listeriosis that had been once assumed to be isolated or sporadic, have to no longer isolated at all. Increasingly, these circumstances are linked to a new food vehicle, allowing implicated meals to be taken off the market quicker, fighting extra ailments, and outbreaks from getting increased. This, in flip, is bettering our capability to beget methods to aid future prevention.
Lastly, in regard to establishing Cronobacter sakazakii a nationally notifiable situation, you relish doubtlessly heard that right here’s no longer something the CDC, nor FDA can attain on their very procure. There is a task through a body known as the Council of Train and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) that meets each and every year to deliberate and vote on blueprint statements and adjustments to national policy on notifiable prerequisites. Here’s a cosmopolitan task that is difficult to show to concerned fogeys, person groups, or public health advocates that wanted a alternate in notification policy to occur instantly after this subject used to be identified. The CSTE is scheduled to fulfill in June of this year and I’m grateful that the FDA has been working to receive this subject on the agenda. We MUST alternate this and beget Cronobacter a nationally notifiable situation appropriate like Salmonella, E. coli O157, and Listeria.
Early Signal Detection and the Need for Hasty Response
As beforehand reported, the FDA started receiving a chain of experiences or complaints of infants who had been confirmed to had been infected with Cronobacter sakazakii, all who had also consumed child contrivance products comprised of a single manufacturing plant positioned in Sturgis, Michigan.
As well to, on October 26, 2022, the agency got a Whistle Blower criticism, submitted to numerous FDA personnel through numerous manner (hard copies through Fed X, besides to electronic copies submitted through electronic mail).
In summary:
- The important document of an child in uncomfortable health with C. sakazakii (which resulted in death) used to be reported to the FDA on Sept 20, 2021
- On October 26, the Agency got a Whistle Blower criticism alleging egregious prerequisites and practices on the Sturgis facility.
- The second document of an child in uncomfortable health with C. sakazakii used to be reported to FDA on Dec 1, 2022
- The third document of an child in uncomfortable health with C. sakazakii used to be reported to FDA on January 11,
2022, and - The fourth document of an child in uncomfortable health with C. sakazakii (which resulted in death) used to be reported to the FDA on Feb 18, 2022.
It wishes to be eminent that whereas the FDA conducted an inspection of AN’s facility positioned in Sturgis on September 20, with the inspection lasting until September 24 of 2021, the inspectors on living had been unaware of the criticism the agency had got of an child illness resulting from Cronobacter on the identical date, September 20, the day the inspection started. It would had been helpful for investigators to relish had that info readily obtainable, as it would relish doubtlessly resulted in a unparalleled or extra in-depth direction of investigation.
Whereas FDA did habits notifications to the company of the illness experiences as they got right here in and did slowly relish shut steps to apply-up on the Whistle Blower criticism, it wasn’t until January 31, 2022 (four months later) that the FDA started an reliable inspection of the AN’s Sturgis facility and it wasn’t until February 10, 2022 that I individually turned attentive to the sequence complaints, the whistle blower document, and the findings from FDA’s January inspection that resulted in extra than one environmental swabs being chanced on definite for Cronobacter sakazakii within the capability.
Some relish puzzled if quicker movement by the agency on a few of the earlier indicators will relish performed with out or lessened the magnitude of the disaster. Whereas there would possibly possibly be incompatibility inside of FDA on this level, I mediate most professionals experienced in disaster administration would state the answer is yes. The literature is stuffed with examples of organizations that either did no longer fragment collectively early indicators or did no longer designate early warnings that at last allowed a disaster to grow worse,
reasonably than being contained. I mediate that the literature of the long flee will even attain that this incident is a tragic example of how FDA’s siloed organizational structure and culture impeded snappy severe scenario identification, dialog, and response.
Taking Whistleblower Complaints Seriously
In the Congressional hearing last spring, there used to be heaps of dialogue in regards to the whistleblower letters addressed to Drs. Woodcock, Mayne, and McMeekin being misplaced within the numerous FDA mailrooms for months. Nonetheless what also concerns me a glorious deal is the actual fact that the 30-plus net page criticism used to be also despatched by electronic mail to workers within the Train of job of Regulatory Affairs and CFSAN, nonetheless the worries had been no longer handled with the becoming sense of urgency. Given the worries expressed and the vulnerability of infants, this would possibly possibly mild had been elevated to leadership instantly. As Deputy Commissioner for Meals Policy and Response, I used to be no longer despatched the October 26, 2022 whistle blower criticism, and I did no longer receive an alternate to search out the criticism until I used to be made attentive to the incident in February 2022.
I would possibly possibly perhaps argue that FDA’s structure and culture exacerbated these delays. With siloed groups within the FDA’s decentralized Meals Program, it is very unlikely for leaders, even leaders like me that had titles that will additionally level to in every other case, to relish sure line of watch on what used to be occurring or to living processes in blueprint to help procure these severe public health concerns. The most up-to-date structure ends in new dialog breakdowns, and ends within the aptitude for food safety concerns to tumble through the cracks altogether.
At last, the informant used to be interviewed by FDA personnel on December 22, approximately 2 months after the letter used to be got. Whereas the subject over why it took so long to interview the informant is valid, besides to who had been the folks that got the letters, there would possibly possibly be one critical conclusion that used to be no longer talked about within the timeline and that did no longer arrive up all the contrivance through the preliminary hearing last spring. Upon completion of the interview with the confidential informant along with their attorney most up-to-date, the FDA investigators concluded that the criticism used to be “too vague” and did no longer warrant apply-up. Having be taught the letter myself and the very yelp allegations of falsification of records, attempting to deceive federal relators, and further, it’s hard for me to agree with of the investigators’ decision and, this too, will relish played a role in delaying a greater sense of urgency by agency personnel conscious on the time of the topic.
All all over again, FDA’s future structure wishes to be one wherein the chief of the Meals Program can relish sure line-of-watch on issues corresponding to those and to relish shut steps to verify the culture at FDA is one wherein investigators peek the want to relish shut snappy movement to apply-up on allegations like these. To beget this, FDA will want to empower a food safety chief with accountability for no longer appropriate the Meals Center, nonetheless also the subject inspectional resources within the Train of job of Regulatory Affairs.
The Weight of the Evidence In opposition to Abbott
The inspection of the Abbott Sturgis facility initiated in January 2022 resulted in a chain of findings that led to gigantic subject for me and my colleagues and resulted within the substantial recall.
Abbott Diet and some others relish immediate that their products had been no longer the source of ailments, for the reason that genetic traces of Cronobacter sakazakii had been never chanced on in product, nor within the Sturgis facility. This info is misleading.
Thus, I would possibly possibly perhaps love to most up-to-date a chain of details, regarding the burden-of-the-proof of the scenario at Sturgis that I used to be brooding about as we made the resolution to place a question to movement by Abbott.
1. Elevated Experiences of Cronobacter infections over a Brief Duration Time – the FDA got 4 experiences of confirmed C. sakazakii infections in infants over a brief timeframe, which is weird, on condition that it is NOT a reportable illness in most of the U.S. All all over again, the CDC experiences they relish traditionally got 2 to 4 circumstances reported per year.
2. Traceback – all 4 infants that had been infected had ingested PIF products manufactured at a single yelp (AN’s Sturgis facility), which is critical. Whereas AN in fact had a substantial market fragment, it used to be handiest one amongst 21 contrivance vegetation servicing the US market for the time being.
3. Microbiology – FDA investigators readily chanced on extra than one environmental samples definite for C. sakazakii within the Sturgis plant in only a two-day duration.
4. Genetic Fluctuate – 5 (5) diversified traces of C. sakazakii had been detected the utilization of WGS of isolates in chanced on the atmosphere on the Sturgis facility, indicating contamination with extra than one traces would possibly possibly occur.
5. Lack of Environmental Management – FDA’s subject topic experts, successfully versed in child contrivance manufacturing, described environmental prerequisites on the Sturgis facility as “out-of-administration” and a doable source of recontamination.
6. Frail Spray Dryer with Noteworthy Cracks – FDA investigators observed two sprayer dryers, one bought within the 1960s, with substantial, unrepaired cracks, doubtlessly serving as harborage parts and sources of recontamination. This identical subject has been documented within the literature to relish prompted a PIF outbreak.
7. Identified Product Contamination – FDA investigators learned that AN beforehand destroyed 2 batches of PIF heinous with Cronobacter produced at Sturgis, even supposing it is successfully documented within the literature that low ranges of sporadic contamination is unlikely to be detected by PIF sampling plans. As a result of this fact, it is extra possible than no longer that other batches of PIF produced in this plant had been possible to had been heinous with a selection C. sakazakii traces, which performed with out cease-product attempting out, and had been released into commerce.
8. Lax Standards – events had been recorded corresponding to
- contract workers transferring from the roof to a manufacturing line in dirty boots, highlighting but extra avenues of doable contamination within the plant.
- numerous water events had been documented including water leaks, moisture, and condensation in dry powdered child contrivance manufacturing areas.
- spray dryer inspections in August 2021 showed six cases of cracks and pits within the predominant chamber recorded for spray dryer #3 and six cases of cracks, pits, and damage in dryer #4
9. PIF as a Car of C. sakazakii – contamination of PIF with C. sakazakii is successfully documented and has been the reason within the aid of puny outbreaks and sporadic infections, each and every so continuously with severe sequelae or death.
10. Low Significance of Lack of WGS Match – resulting from C. sakazakii infections have to no longer reportable in most states, it makes it extra complex to title & link infections that will additionally appear as sporadic in nature (i.e. Listeria). In this incident, four C. sakazakii infections had been passively reported to FDA. Isolates had been readily obtainable for handiest two infants for WGS characterization. Having handiest two of four medical circumstances characterized by WGS, and a scarce library of previous sequences, made it extra complex to evaluate exiguous child infections with the multitude of traces (5) recovered from the agency, besides to previous documented human circumstances.
In accordance with the parts summarized above, Abbott’s Sturgis facility lacked ample controls to terminate the contamination of powdered child contrivance with C. sakazakii. There is also proof that sporadic contamination of done product in fact did occur, and it is possible that other hundreds PIF produced in this plant had been heinous with extra than one C. sakazakii traces over time, which performed with out cease-product attempting out, had been released into commerce, and consumed by infants.
Lastly, and in summary, the elements offered above supported a conclusion that PIF made at Abbott’s Sturgis plant used to be produced below insanitary prerequisites and a doable source of ongoing, sporadic contamination of PIF with extra than one traces C. sakazakii over time, notwithstanding a lack of a match by WGS between the plant’s atmosphere and/or done product and two medical isolates.
Need for Strengthening Preventive Controls all the contrivance through the Tiny one Formula Alternate (Unusual Facilities, Sanitary Affect, Ambiance Monitoring, & Enhanced Verification)
A key lesson learned for me is that we want to exchange child contrivance policies to aid prevention. Whereas the prerequisites on the Sturgis plant had been egregious, the Sturgis plant is no longer the most convenient plant that has experienced issues with Cronobacter. As that you can possibly additionally relish considered within the records, there had been extra than one recollects currently associated with the aptitude for Cronobacter at other facilities. Now we want to encompass the lessons learned from recent events and replace FDA’s child contrivance rule. One key example is our most up-to-date attempting out rules. The utilization of the most up-to-date attempting out requirements, the possibilities of detecting Cronobacter are grand smaller than they wishes to be.
These requirements must be up to the moment so as that firms relish a greater likelihood of detecting contamination events.
We also want to work extra with trade to beget obvious manufacturing facilities are yelp of the artwork. In 2023, we have to mild no longer be producing food for infants the utilization of equipment that is exhibiting its age and rising the chance of doable issues. About a of the equipment mild being outdated in a few of the largest manufacturing facilities on the present time used to be installed sooner than I used to be born. Reduction then, we knew far decrease than we attain now.
Gratifying Our Public Health Mission – Protecting Infants
From the time I first learned of the incident, on February 10, 2022 to the time it took Abbott Diet to habits a voluntary recall to present protection to infants, it used to be 7 days. Seven days contrasted to the 4 months of time wherein the sequence of events unfolded.
Starting on February 11, 2022, as Deputy Commissioner of the Train of job for Meals Policy and Response, I originate up a chain of day after day meetings, each and every so continuously extra than once a day, with all Meals Program principles and places of work to encompass ORA, CFSAN, Appropriate, and Media Family to coordinate activities and to work as one FDA Meals Program Group.
I need that the communications silos had no longer existed and that I would possibly possibly perhaps had been notified earlier, so I will relish initiated these steps sooner. I also mediate that had we been in a position to provoke these steps and act sooner, the recall would possibly possibly additionally had been smaller in dimension.
Addressing the Affect of the Recall
My Train of job initiated a urged and escalated level of dialog that told important parts of the US Authorities (USG) including the USDA and White House, of the evolving incident and its possible invent on child contrivance provide availability.
The sequence of actions taken at all ranges of the USG had been successfully summarized within the hearing testimony offered in Would possibly possibly possibly additionally of 2022 and, in my see, these collective actions had been somewhat daring. Below is a recap of pick out and well-known actions.
o Asking outlets to lickety-split blueprint limits on the sequence of devices obtainable for aquire.
o Assembly regularly with important child contrivance producers to greater perceive and maximize their capability to carry manufacturing of numerous kinds of kid formulas and critical medical meals.
o The urged acquisition of wanted info and monitoring the living of the baby contrivance provide by the utilization of the Agency’s 21 Forward food provide chain continuity gadget, mixed with exterior info.
o Compiling info on traits for in-stock rates at each and every national and regional ranges to help perceive whether the most practical amount of kid contrivance is readily obtainable within the most practical places, and if no longer, where it would mild budge.
o Imposing a singular task to lickety-split exercise enforcement discretion, on a case-by-case basis, for obvious requirements that prepare to child contrivance. These flexibilities allowed for a puny volume of kid contrivance to carry present and newly produced presents.
o The Administration invoking the Defense Production Act, directing firms to prioritize and allocate the manufacturing of key child contrivance inputs to help carry manufacturing and creep up provide chains.
o Launching Operation Hover Formula and coordinating with the Division of Health and Human Services and U.S. Division of Agriculture (USDA) to leverage Division of Defense contracts with commercial air cargo lines to rep abroad child contrivance that met U.S. health and safety requirements, so it would possibly possibly possibly receive to retailer cabinets faster.
o USDA offering yelp health commissioners flexibilities through WIC to search out out products that will possible be substituted for recalled products, allowing families to aquire diversified container sizes and bodily kinds, and allowing aquire of noncontract producers, and waiving retailer minimum stocking requirements to permit contrivance to transfer to where it used to be most wanted.
o Congress passing the Entry to Tiny one Formula Act of 2022 to enhance receive admission to to child formulas for obvious American families all the contrivance through the provision chain disruption.
The Recall’s Affect on the Tiny one Formula Scarcity and Extra Elements that Would possibly possibly possibly additionally Have faith Minimized Disruptions
Clearly, the overarching measure that will relish performed with out this disaster from occurring within the predominant blueprint used to be Abbott Diet’s working prerequisites, procedures, identical outdated of care, and dedication to maintaining a solid food safety culture. Simply place, what used to be chanced on at Abbott’s Sturgis facility used to be unacceptable and Abbott Diet bears the predominant accountability for this disaster.
Moreover, as beforehand talked about, earlier detection of indicators by Abbott, public health officers, and/or regulators will relish allowed this incident to unfold in a less catastrophic manner.
Nonetheless, after the sequence of events had been allowed to escalate and manufacture upon one one more, by the level February of 2022 got right here along, containment of this incident turned grand extra great.
There had been longstanding gaps in Federal movement on provide chain monitoring and resiliency actions that every and every helped to beget a subject wherein a single plant going offline will relish this kind of gigantic impact. It also made it hard to relish the intelligence wanted at our fingertips to checklist resolution-making.
Even sooner than the recall on Feb 17, 2022, the US used to be already going through child contrivance provide chain stress. Thus, as proof of this cascading subject unfolded, the FDA knew that it had to behave to present protection to infants, nonetheless that with an impending substantial recall of kid contrivance by a important market player, it also had to achieve every thing it would possibly possibly possibly, along with other USG companions, to decrease disruptions and doable shortages.
Per FDA’s procure Regulatory Procedures Handbook, in Chapter 7 titled Recall Procedures, it states that “ORA and the Center (in this case, CFSAN) will even pick whether the recall would possibly possibly reason an absence of regulated products.” Nonetheless, the FDA’s Meals Program used to be in uncomfortable health outfitted to achieve a appropriate analysis of the consequences of the recall on provide availability, as the crew at CFSAN guilty for child contrivance products lacked the form of quantitative child contrivance provide chain insights, info and analytical capabilities to habits a extra thorough analysis of the doable impact, simulate subject planning, nor an capability to lickety-split pick what measures would possibly possibly be taken to creep a restoration.
21 Forward – a Meals Provide Chain Files Analytical Platform
Sooner than 2020, the Meals Program had no info gadget in blueprint to video display key food provide chains. All the contrivance through the COVID-19 disaster, many in federal service, including myself, felt it used to be our accountability to achieve all that lets to invent greater, info driven insights into the structure, plan, and resilience of food provide chains, so as that lets proceed to fulfill the wishes of the American of us. Meals and agriculture used to be a form of severe infrastructures that had to stay in operation to encourage the general public, and these of us engaged on this identified that food security (ensuring of us relish receive admission to to food) used to be a subject of national security. Thus, we lickety-split realized that to present protection to and harden FDA-regulated food assets in opposition to the chance of SARS-Cov-2 transmission among food workers, we would want greater info, insights, and extra info sets. And, thus, the theory of 21 Forward used to be born.
In file time and on a shoestring funds, my crew, in partnership with other places of work and an out of doors vendor, built the 21 Forward Machine, a first of its kind food provide chain info analytical platform which can be outdated to carry resiliency of the excessive priority food provide chains in opposition to COVID-19 connected disruptions. It used to be executed by transposing loads of suggestions, leveraging disparate, nonetheless connected info sets, and combing them with diversified computational capabilities. The gadget used to be outdated to aid FDA-regulated food assets from COVID-19 disruptions, including child contrivance vegetation. Because the baby contrivance disaster unfolded, we built on this vogue and turned it into the records platform for the entire USG response.
What the inferior-governmental crew did to manufacture this platform used to be wonderful and is a luminous example of the dedication of public servants who labored across the clock to beget this occur. Nonetheless in point of fact, we shouldn’t had been building this on the flee – it would mild had been in blueprint years ago.
FDA had no longer made these investments resulting from traditionally, the Agency’s food mission has centered around food safety and nutrition. Even as COVID created the largest danger to the food gadget in a hundred years, there used to be interior debate on the agency on whether there used to be in point of fact a role for the FDA in monitoring food provide chains.
Requests for funding to extra originate the 21 Forward gadget had been met with resistance by the previous Performing Commissioner and Director for the Center for Meals Security and Utilized Diet. Genuinely, one very yelp place a question to prematurely of the baby contrivance disaster used to be declined by Agency leadership, no topic Congress giving the agency out of the ordinary ranges of money within the manner of a COVID supplement funding to originate such capabilities. In hindsight, this used to be a substantial omit that will relish enabled the Agency to acknowledge to the baby contrivance disaster in a quicker, extra thorough, and records-driven manner.
It used to be namely nerve-racking to me and my workers that our early work on 21 Forward extra than a year sooner than the Abbott recall had highlighted for us the focus of kid contrivance manufacturing, and we desired to manufacture out the monitoring instruments to receive a greater take care of on severe provide chains like these. In interagency discussions, we had been elevating child contrivance as a factual case leer to reach provide chain actions – we had the most practical preliminary insights, and we had been looking to beget the case for resources – the emergency appropriate got right here sooner than the USG used to be prepared.
Having lived this trip, I’m grateful that Congress has directed the Center for Meals safety and Diet to assign an Train of job of Serious Meals and the critical capabilities to video display these severe meals for doable disruption. I aid you to verify this blueprint of business builds the becoming monitoring instruments and I aid you to proceed to define expectations for the roles this unique blueprint of business and other parts of the Federal Authorities as they pertain to produce chain monitoring and mitigation actions.
A Fragile and Inelastic Tiny one Formula Provide Chain
Lastly, one have to mild wonder, how does the shutdown of 1 of 21 child contrivance vegetation serving the U.S. market reason such an absence and disruption. And what had been the elements that led to the appearance of such an inelastic and fragile child contrivance provide chain gadget.
The fact is that the FDA has had minimal authorities and levers to have an effect on the gadget, as a change of the safety and nutrition requirements they beget and their capability to approve unique markets submissions in a brief manner. Nonetheless, like most provide chains, financial implications, incentives, and disincentives play an substantial role in within the terminate influencing how provide chains evolve. Thus, I’m grateful that Congress, through the Omnibus, has requested that an Tiny one Formula Provide Chain Resiliency document be done and submitted to them for review.
It’s severe that Congress watch ways to help competition and redundancy of producing in this trade. FDA has a role to play with its child contrivance policies, nonetheless FDA is no longer alone. American taxpayers pay for approximately half of the baby contrivance bought within the U.S. through the USDA-WIC program. I would possibly possibly perhaps argue that the only real-source yelp WIC contracts helped to beget the most up-to-date concentrated provide chains. Nonetheless WIC would possibly possibly additionally additionally provide unparalleled alternatives to take care of the need for greater competition and redundancy going forward. Congress must stay laser-centered on the resiliency document and beget a extra holistic manner that will relish us from repeating a subject wherein a single facility is the most convenient manufacturing living for area of skills formulas, and there shouldn’t be any longer any such thing as a aid-up manufacturing capability. Congress must inform that severe meals like contrivance no longer be one outbreak, tornado, flood, or cyber-attack faraway from a subject corresponding to that of Feb 17, 2022.
Solutions
In closing, I would possibly possibly perhaps love to pass away this subcommittee with a brief checklist of pick out suggestions. 1. It’s time to beget Cronobacter sakazakii a nationally notifiable disease.
- We have to mild habits WGS on all isolates of Cronobacter whether or not they arrive from medical, environmental, or food samples and enter these genomic sequences into the National Center for Biotechnology Info (NCBI) database.
- The FDA must enhance its capability to detect indicators of doable safety concerns with regulated products and act on them with a greater sense of urgency.
- Congress have to mild take care of the cultural, siloed, structural, and leadership issues within the FDA Meals Program that contributed to a decrease than neat response to this incident.
- Seek info from that the Tiny one Formula Alternate living increased requirements of like themselves that encompass extra modernized productions facilities and equipment, stronger preventative controls, enhanced sanitary originate, extra aggressive environmental monitoring, and statistically bolstered verification procedures.
- Toughen regulatory requirements for child contrivance producers to encompass extra sturdy sanitary originate, environmental monitoring, a revaluation of sampling plans beyond N=30 for Cronobacter, and critical reporting of product positives to the FDA.
- Reassess the thoroughness and frequency of FDA inspections conducted at child contrivance producers.
- Re-accomplish the technique outdated by FDA and health officers to research confirmed experiences of Cronobacter sakazakii linked to a yelp child contrivance product. Moral now, the technique outdated is unscientifically overweighted on attempting out a few cans, with out info to how carefully where these cans had been produced in terms of the consumed product and with out emphasize on the inability of statistical significance to the take a look at outcomes.
- Dramatically aid person and doctor education on the becoming use and going through of PIF in hospitals and properties, besides to suggestions to use change sterile, liquid formulations for at-chance and premature infants.
- Enhance the reach of extra new, info-driven Meals Provide Chain Analytic Platforms, corresponding to 21 Forward, as a instrument to take care of food provide chain challenges the utilization of information-driven insights.
- Complete an in-depth Prognosis of the Building and Resilience of the Tiny one Formula Provide Chain within the U.S. and put into effect policies that will promote competition, diversification, resiliency, redundancy, and each and every day low prices for patrons.
Conclusion
In closing, ensuring the safety and availability of an in total sole-source of nutrition, corresponding to child contrivance, is a gigantic accountability for the trade that makes them and for the companies that administration them. The baby illness and deaths resulting from Cronobacter, the Abbott Diet recall, and the cascading and devasting outcomes it had on child contrivance availability in our nation used to be a preventable tragedy. It’s my hope that we transparently look the lessons learned and relish shut the critical actions to terminate this kind of disaster from ever occurring again. Clearly, there would possibly possibly be extra the trade and regulators can and MUST attain.
I thank this subcommittee and its members for your hobby and I wait for answering any questions that you can possibly additionally relish.
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Health & Wellness
Mosquitoes on Medicine: A Revolutionary Malaria Strategy Emerges

Published
1 day agoon
May 22, 2025
What if the best way to stop malaria isn’t by killing mosquitoes but by healing them?
In a twist that turns conventional thinking on its head, researchers at Harvard University have proposed a radical new approach to combat one of the deadliest diseases in the world: give mosquitoes the medicine. Yes, you read that right. Instead of targeting malaria by eliminating mosquitoes, scientists want to treat the insects with anti-malarial drugs effectively turning them into harmless carriers.
This fresh perspective comes as malaria continues to devastate communities, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, claiming nearly 600,000 lives each year the majority being young children. Traditional tactics, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and vaccines, have helped, but there’s a growing problem: resistance. Mosquitoes are evolving, and insecticides are no longer packing the punch they used to.
So, what’s the breakthrough?
Target the Parasite, Not the Carrier
The Harvard team, led by Dr. Alexandra Probst, took a deep dive into the genetics of the malaria parasite while it’s inside the mosquito. Their goal? Identify a weak spot. After testing a vast library of drug candidates, they narrowed the list to 22 promising compounds, and two of them completely killed the parasite within the mosquito.
The key lies in how the drugs are delivered. Instead of injections or bait, these compounds are absorbed through the mosquito’s legs a process tested by simulating contact with treated surfaces like bed nets. When a mosquito lands on a net coated with the drug, it absorbs enough of the compound to wipe out any malaria parasites inside it.
It’s an elegant solution. Even if the mosquito survives contact with the net and goes on to bite someone, it can no longer transmit malaria.

Mosquitoes on Medicine A Revolutionary Malaria and
A Game-Changer for Bed Nets
Bed nets have long been a cornerstone of malaria prevention, offering both physical protection and chemical protection. But as mosquito populations build resistance to insecticides, the nets lose effectiveness. The new vision is to enhance them: combine traditional insecticides with anti-malarial drugs, ensuring a backup plan if one method fails.
“The idea is that we’re not just trying to kill mosquitoes anymore,” says Dr. Probst. “We’re actually treating them almost like turning them into unwitting allies in the fight against malaria.”
Even more exciting? The drug treatment on the nets has been shown to last up to a year in laboratory conditions, making it potentially more cost-effective than constantly reapplying insecticides.
Why This Could Work
One of the reasons malaria is so difficult to control is the high number of parasites in an infected human, often billions. But a mosquito typically carries fewer than five parasites. That makes the chance of resistance evolving within the mosquito population much lower.
In essence, it’s like targeting the parasite in its most vulnerable state.
What Comes Next?
Of course, laboratory success doesn’t always translate to real-world effectiveness. That’s why the next phase of research is already planned: field trials in Ethiopia. These will determine how well the drug-coated nets work in homes, villages, and communities most affected by malaria.
It could take up to six years for all the studies and trials to be completed and approved. But the potential payoff is massive a safer, longer-lasting, and possibly more affordable method of malaria prevention.
The vision is clear: a future where mosquito bites no longer mean danger and where the battle against malaria can be fought with innovation rather than extermination.
Your Role in the Story
This story isn’t just for scientists or doctors it’s about the global community uniting to tackle one of the world’s oldest plagues. You can:
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Support organisations funding malaria research.
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Stay informed about global health innovations.
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Share groundbreaking ideas like this to keep momentum going.
Because progress begins not just with invention but with awareness.
Health & Wellness
Fuel Your Body Naturally: Celebrity Fitness Expert Yasmin Karachiwala’s Guide to Boosting Protein Intake

Published
2 weeks agoon
May 12, 2025
In our fast-paced lives, where convenience often dictates our food choices, one essential nutrient frequently gets overlooked: protein. This vital macronutrient plays a crucial role in building lean muscle, supporting metabolism, reducing cravings, and keeping you satiated longer. The good news? You don’t need drastic dietary overhauls or expensive supplements to enhance your protein intake. Celebrity fitness expert Yasmin Karachiwala shares simple, natural ways to incorporate more protein into your meals, making healthy eating both accessible and enjoyable.
1. Almonds: The Perfect On-the-Go Snack
Almonds are a powerhouse of high-quality protein, offering approximately 6 grams per 28-gram serving. Beyond protein, they are rich in healthy fats, fibre, vitamin E, and magnesium, contributing to overall wellness. Whether you’re between meetings, heading to a workout, or need a midday pick-me-up, a handful of almonds provides a compact, convenient, and nourishing snack.
Greek yoghurt contains nearly twice the protein of regular yoghurt and is rich in probiotics that support gut health. Versatile in its use, it can be enjoyed on its own, topped with fruits and nuts, blended into smoothies, or transformed into a savoury dip. It’s an indulgent yet nourishing option for a mid-morning snack or post-workout meal.
3. Fish: Lean Protein with Omega-3 Benefits
For non-vegetarians, fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel are excellent sources of lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart and brain health. Grilled or baked, fish makes a smart protein choice for lunch or dinner, providing essential nutrients without being too heavy.
4. Soya Chunks: A Plant-Based Protein Hero
Soya chunks are a fantastic plant-based protein option, especially for vegetarians. They are rich in protein and can be easily incorporated into various dishes, from curries to stir-fries. Their versatility and high protein content make them a valuable addition to any meal.
5. Sprouts: Nutrient-Dense and Easy to Add
Sprouts are another excellent plant-based protein source. They are nutrient-dense and can be added to salads, sandwiches, or eaten as a snack. Including sprouts in your meals not only boosts protein intake but also adds a fresh, crunchy texture.

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6. Incorporate Protein-Rich Vegetables
Vegetables like Brussels sprouts and spinach are surprisingly high in protein. Brussels sprouts provide about 3 grams of protein per cooked cup, while spinach offers around 5 grams per cooked cup. These vegetables are also rich in vitamins and antioxidants, making them a healthy addition to your diet.
7. Smart Snacking and Meal Planning
Incorporating protein-rich snacks like nuts, seeds, and yoghurt can help maintain energy levels throughout the day. Planning meals to include a balance of protein sources ensures that your body receives the nutrients it needs for optimal function.
8. Portion Control for Optimal Intake
Practicing portion control is essential for maintaining a balanced diet. Using kitchen scales or portion-size guides can help ensure adequate protein consumption without overeating. Distributing protein intake evenly across meals helps stabilise blood sugar levels and keeps cravings at bay.
9. Diversify Your Protein Sources
Relying on a single protein source can be limiting. Including a variety of protein-rich foods like fish, eggs, dairy, lentils, tofu, beans, and nuts in your meals ensures a well-rounded intake of essential amino acids and nutrients.
10. Embrace Plant-Based Proteins
Plant-based proteins are not only beneficial for vegetarians but also offer health advantages for everyone. Foods like legumes, beans, lentils, and tofu are cost-effective, nutrient-dense, and support muscle growth when paired with a balanced diet. By making these simple adjustments to your meals, you can naturally increase your protein intake, supporting overall health and well-being. Remember, it’s not about drastic changes but about making mindful choices that align with your lifestyle and nutritional needs.
Health & Wellness
The Rise of THC Beverages : You Can Drink Your Weed Now

Published
3 weeks agoon
May 5, 2025
Imagine cracking open a cold can of beer or soda, but of cannabis THC beverage is just like that. It fizzes, it tastes like a summer spritz, and 20 minutes later, you’re feeling the high. Welcome to the bold new world of THC-infused beverages, where getting lifted comes in a sleek aluminium can.
What started as a niche product for curious cannabis lovers is now a booming industry. Across the U.S., especially in states where recreational marijuana is legal, dispensaries and even some mainstream beverage stores are lining their shelves with colourful cans promising relaxation, euphoria, and a hangover-free alternative to alcohol. With health-conscious millennials and Gen Zers reducing their alcohol intake, THC drinks are stepping up as the cool new vice.
How THC Beverages Work
Unlike traditional edibles like brownies or gummies, THC beverages are designed to work faster. Most contain nano-emulsified THC, meaning the psychoactive compound is broken down into tiny particles that your body absorbs more quickly than oil-based edibles. The result? You might start feeling something in just 15 to 30 minutes.
But don’t expect the rocket-launch intensity of a joint. These drinks tend to be microdosed, often ranging from 2.5 to 10 milligrams of THC per can. That makes them ideal for social use, especially for people who want a light buzz without the harshness of smoking or the unpredictability of edibles.
What’s Inside the Can?
The ingredients vary, but many of these beverages blend sparkling water or juice with cannabis extracts. Some brands add adaptogens, herbs, or even caffeine to make their drinks more energising or calming. You’ll find two major types: ones with THC (the compound that gets you high) and others with CBD (which doesn’t intoxicate but may promote relaxation).
Some drinks contain both, offering what’s known as the “entourage effect”—a synergistic blend of cannabinoids that enhances the overall experience.
The Buzz vs. The Booze
Here’s where it gets interesting: More and more people are swapping their glass of wine for a can of cannabis. Why? Fewer calories, no hangover, and a more mellow high.
In fact, some beverage companies have started branding THC drinks as “California Sober,” meaning you don’t drink alcohol but are open to using cannabis or psychedelics. And in social situations, these drinks are proving to be great icebreakers, especially for non-smokers who don’t want to inhale anything but still want to join the fun.

The-Rise-of-THC-Beverages-You-Can-Drink-Your-Weed
Risks and Warnings
As fun as it sounds, sipping your weed isn’t risk-free.
First, these drinks can sneak up on you. Just because it doesn’t hit instantly like a joint doesn’t mean you should down two cans back-to-back. Overconsumption can lead to paranoia, anxiety, and nausea, especially for newbies.
Second, dosage matters. Always check the THC content on the label. For first-timers, start with no more than 2.5 mg and wait at least 45 minutes before deciding to drink more.
Also worth noting: Driving after consuming a THC beverage is still driving under the influence. And even in states where cannabis is legal, there are rules about public consumption.
Legal Grey Zones
THC beverages are only legal in states where recreational cannabis is permitted. In other states, you might find hemp-derived delta-8 THC drinks, which exist in a legal grey area and are often less predictable in effect.
If you’re travelling, check the local laws before packing your cannabis cooler.
The Future of the Highball?
With big beverage brands like Molson Coors and Constellation Brands investing in cannabis drink startups, it’s clear this isn’t just a passing trend. Experts predict that THC beverages could be the next billion-dollar category, especially as more states and countries relax cannabis laws.
Imagine ordering a THC mojito instead of a cocktail at your favourite rooftop bar. Or enjoying a cannabis mimosa at brunch. The future is intoxicating and a little fizzy.
Drinking your weed might sound like a stoner fantasy, but it’s fast becoming a lifestyle choice for the health-conscious, socially savvy consumer. Whether you’re seeking a smoother high, an alcohol alternative, or just want to join the next wave of cannabis culture, THC drinks offer a new way to toast to life.
Just remember: sip slowly, stay safe, and enjoy the ride.
Health & Wellness
MomentM: The Ayurveda-Inspired Supplement Brand Bringing Clarity to Wellness Chaos

Published
3 weeks agoon
May 1, 2025
In a wellness industry overcrowded with endless options, influencer noise, and questionable claims, Ayurveda Inspired MomentM is making its debut with a simple yet powerful promise — to bring clarity, balance, and intention back to health and self-care.
Founded by Marise Saldanha, a former brand manager at Dove and a wellness seeker herself, MomentM is an Ayurveda-inspired, science-backed supplement line aiming to streamline the consumer experience. The brand launches with four thoughtfully crafted products, each designed to support a core aspect of well-being: mind, body, and vitality.
“Our product philosophy is based around the three Ayurvedic pillars — mind, body, and vitality — which are seen as the core elements of the universe,” said Saldanha. “Each one constantly influences the other, and our formulas reflect that interconnection.”
MomentM’s four flagship products are:
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Calm ($40): A lavender latte-flavoured gummy designed to help destress and support mental clarity.
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Synthesis ($60): A peach-plum collagen and hyaluronic acid powder promoting skin health and hydration.
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Equilibrium ($60): A pre-, pro-, and post-biotic capsule aimed at restoring gut health.
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Revitalise ($80): A blend of ceramosides, hyaluronic acid, and antioxidants formulated to boost skin glow and elasticity.
Each product features a careful balance of traditional Ayurvedic ingredients and modern, clinically supported compounds, ensuring the best of both worlds. MomentM is backed by Marksans Pharma, the Indian pharmaceutical giant led by Saldanha’s father, which also provides formulation guidance and rigorous testing.
While all products are manufactured in California, the brand’s ethos is deeply rooted in Saldanha’s Indian upbringing and her early exposure to holistic health. Growing up around Ayurveda and plant-based healing traditions gave her a grounding that she leaned into when her own wellness journey took an unexpected turn.

Ayurveda Inspired MomentM Supplement Brand Industry
From Overwhelm to Opportunity
Saldanha’s wellness awakening began like many — with curiosity and excitement — but quickly spiraled into confusion. During her time at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley, she dove headfirst into the world of supplements, influenced by a flood of wellness content and aspirational health claims.
“What started as a journey to feel better ended up making me feel worse,” she shared. “My cabinet was overflowing with supplements — some expired, some half-used, most of them ineffective or even harmful.”
At one point, after trying multiple products with conflicting benefits, Saldanha began experiencing severe stomach pain and burnout, both mentally and physically.
“I remember lying in bed, thinking I should’ve never started this in the first place,” she recalled. “That moment of pain led to the clarity I needed — we don’t need more products, we need better ones.”
This personal revelation was the genesis of MomentM — a brand focused not on overwhelming consumers, but empowering them with clarity. It isn’t about selling dozens of trendy pills; it’s about reconnecting people to intentional, synergistic wellness.
Backed by Science, Grounded in Tradition
One of MomentM’s defining advantages is its backing by a pharmaceutical company. Marksans Pharma’s involvement ensures pharmaceutical-grade formulations, quality testing, and consistent ingredient integrity — a rarity in a space often dominated by marketing hype.
“The level at which we test is very rigorous,” Saldanha said. “It’s one of our greatest strengths, but also a major challenge in getting things just right.”
MomentM’s dual approach — using both botanicals like ashwagandha and turmeric as well as modern actives like ceramosides and hyaluronic acid — sets it apart in the supplement space. Every formula undergoes stability testing, clinical research review, and dosage verification before it hits the shelves.
The Future of MomentM
The brand plans to expand its offerings by the end of the year, with four new SKUs on the horizon — including a cognition-supporting gummy that aligns with its “mind, body, vitality” mantra.
Though the company has chosen not to disclose exact sales projections, around $3 million has been invested in building the brand infrastructure, product development, and marketing launch.
As the wellness industry continues to grow, MomentM enters not just as another supplement label but as a movement toward simplification, authenticity, and cultural integrity.
“We’re not here to be part of the noise,” Saldanha said. “We’re here to give people a genuine alternative — one that honors both ancient wisdom and modern science.”
Health & Wellness
Traditional Diet Could Be the Medicine to Reducing Inflammation and Health Diseases

Published
3 weeks agoon
April 30, 2025
In a world increasingly dominated by ultra-processed Diet, emerging research is reminding us of something our ancestors likely knew well food is medicine. A recent study published in Nature Medicine sheds light on the profound and rapid impact our diet choices can have on immune function, inflammation, and long-term health.
The Study at a Glance
Conducted by researchers from Radboud University Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, this study focused on young men from the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania. Participants were split into three groups to compare the effects of a traditional African diet and a modern Western-style diet on inflammation and metabolic health.
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One group switched from their traditional Kilimanjaro diet to a Western-style diet for two weeks.
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A second group transitioned from a Western-style diet to a traditional African diet.
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A third group, also on a Western diet, consumed Mbege — a traditional fermented drink made from bananas and millet — for one week.
The findings were clear: just two weeks of eating a Western diet increased markers of inflammation and weakened immune response. Conversely, switching to a traditional, plant-based diet or incorporating fermented foods led to notable anti-inflammatory effects.
What Makes the Traditional African Diet So Powerful?
The traditional African diet followed by the rural participants was rich in:
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Green leafy vegetables
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Legumes
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Root vegetables like cassava and sweet potatoes
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Plantains
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Ancient grains such as millet and sorghum
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Black tea
These foods are naturally high in dietary fibre and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, which support a healthy gut microbiome and promote anti-inflammatory processes in the body. The high-fibre content helps nurture beneficial gut bacteria, which in turn generate metabolites that regulate immune and metabolic functions.
Fermented Foods: A Microbial Boost
One particularly interesting aspect of the study was the inclusion of Mbege, a traditional fermented banana beverage. Even after just a week of consumption, participants who drank Mbege experienced improved immune markers. This is likely due to the presence of beneficial microbes and plant compounds like flavonoids, which help modulate inflammation and enhance vascular and immune health.
According to Dr. Thomas M. Holland from the RUSH Institute for Healthy Ageing, fermented foods play a critical role in enriching the gut microbiome — something that Western diets, with their lack of microbial diversity, fail to support.

Traditional Diet Could Be the Medicine to a Reducing Illness
What’s Wrong with the Western Diet?
The Western diet adopted in the study consisted of:
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Processed meats
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Pizza
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Fried chicken and French fries
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Pancakes and white bread
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Refined carbohydrates like spaghetti
These foods are typically low in fibre and antioxidants and high in refined sugars, unhealthy fats, and additives that can trigger inflammation. Dr. Holland explains that these diets promote oxidative stress, disrupt gut microbiota, and negatively affect immune regulation.
In the study, participants who switched to the Western diet showed a rise in inflammatory proteins in the blood, altered gene expression, and reduced ability of immune cells to respond to threats.
A Wake-Up Call for Urbanized Diets
Urbanisation in Africa and globally is leading more people to shift from traditional eating patterns to convenient, processed Western-style meals. But as this study shows, even a short period on a Western diet can have measurable health consequences.
Meanwhile, incorporating traditional diets, be it African, Mediterranean, or Latin American, may offer a powerful shield against modern-day diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and obesity-related inflammation.
Dr. Quirijn de Mast, lead author of the study, emphasised that traditional African diets are just as insightful and beneficial as better-known diets like the Mediterranean or Japanese. He believes preserving traditional dietary practices is not only culturally significant but also crucial for public health.
This study reinforces a compelling message: food can either inflame or heal. Diets rich in plants, whole foods, and fermented ingredients can dramatically improve immune and metabolic health in a matter of weeks.
In contrast, diets heavy in processed and refined foods push the body into a chronic inflammatory state, laying the groundwork for a host of lifestyle-related diseases.
The solution may be simpler — and more traditional — than we think.
Health & Wellness
The Paradox of Progress: Cancer Deaths Decline as Diagnoses Rise in Women

Published
4 weeks agoon
April 25, 2025
While the overall outlook on cancer has taken a hopeful turn in the U.S., a deeper look into the data reveals a more complex narrative—especially for women. The Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer paints a picture of progress, but with shadows of concern.
Over the past two decades, cancer-related deaths have been on a steady decline. From 2018 to 2022, death rates dropped each year—1.7% in men, 1.3% in women, and 1.5% in children. This progress reflects decades of medical innovation, early screening, and public health campaigns encouraging healthier lifestyles.
But the story doesn’t end there.
The Silent Surge Among Women
In contrast to the decline in death rates, the report notes a consistent rise in cancer diagnoses among women between 2003 and 2021. Unlike in men, whose cancer diagnoses dropped from 2001 to 2013 and then stabilized, women are experiencing a quiet but steady uptick.
Even more alarming is who is most affected: women from racial minority and ethnic groups. American Indian and Alaska Native women, in particular, show the highest rates of new diagnoses. These disparities underscore deeper systemic issues—limited healthcare access, lower socioeconomic status, and health education gaps.
Obesity-Linked Cancers on the Rise
The increasing diagnoses also appear tied to lifestyle-related cancers. Obesity-linked cancers such as breast, uterus, colorectal, pancreas, kidney, and liver cancers are on the rise, particularly in women. This trend raises red flags about the modern lifestyle—sedentary routines, poor diet, and processed foods—as contributing risk factors.
“We’re learning that all these factors are important, even as a child,” said Dr. Anton Bilchik, surgical oncologist and director at Providence Saint John’s Cancer Institute. “Cancers like colorectal are rising in young people, and it’s now a leading cause of cancer-related deaths under 50.”
The Pandemic’s Shadow
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unexpected variable into cancer data. Missed screenings and delayed treatments during the height of the crisis created blind spots in detection and care. Experts believe these gaps could result in an uptick in late-stage diagnoses in the years ahead.
“The magnitude of the 2020 decline was similar across states, despite variations in COVID-19 policy restrictions,” the National Cancer Institute noted, emphasizing the importance of maintaining healthcare access even during global emergencies.

the-progress-cancer-deaths-decline-diagnoses–women
A Closer Look at the Decline in Deaths
Despite these concerning trends, there is room for optimism. A significant contributor to the drop in cancer deaths has been a reduction in smoking-related cancers—particularly among men. Public awareness campaigns and smoking cessation programs have had a measurable impact.
Dr. Jack Jacoub, a board-certified medical oncologist in Orange County, California, emphasized the importance of lifestyle changes.
“Healthier lifestyles, including smoking cessation, weight control, and limiting alcohol intake, not only improve overall health but also enhance the body’s ability to tolerate treatment and potentially benefit from it,” he explained.
Bridging the Gap: Equity in Cancer Care
But lifestyle change alone won’t bridge the disparities seen among minority women. Both Jacoub and Bilchik point to broader systemic issues—ranging from healthcare access to genetic predisposition.
“Education and improving access for all patients is key,” Jacoub said. “We need to ensure everyone has equal access to screenings, care, and information.”
Bilchik echoed these sentiments. “The disparities in female cancer rates are alarming. Socioeconomic differences, limited healthcare access, and lack of screening contribute to higher rates in underserved populations.”
Empowering Women Through Prevention
While some risk factors are beyond individual control, many steps can still be taken to reduce cancer risk—especially for women.
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Get screened regularly: Early detection saves lives.
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Eat a plant-rich, antioxidant-loaded diet.
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Maintain a healthy weight and body mass index (BMI).
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Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
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Exercise regularly.
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Stay up to date with vaccinations.
Bilchik also highlighted the importance of gut health, citing recent research on the microbiome’s role in immunity and inflammation.
“Our microbiome—trillions of bacteria and viruses—impacts our immune system. A poor diet or excess alcohol can disrupt this balance, potentially increasing cancer risk,” he said.
Looking Ahead
The decline in cancer-related deaths is a testament to decades of work in medical science and public health. But the rising diagnoses among women—particularly in underserved communities—remind us that progress is uneven.
Addressing these imbalances requires more than treatment. It demands equitable access, widespread education, and systemic change. The fight against cancer is far from over—but with awareness, prevention, and early action, the future can hold hope for everyone.
Health & Wellness
Bite-Sized Workouts, Big-Time Benefits: Why ‘Exercise Snacks’ Are the Health Hack You Didn’t Know You Needed

Published
4 weeks agoon
April 24, 2025
It turns out the secret to better health, fitness, and even longevity might not lie in hour-long gym sessions but in small, snack-sized bursts of movement scattered throughout your day.
Welcome to the world of “exercise snacks.” These are brief, powerful bursts of physical activity typically lasting from just 30 seconds to 10 minutes that pack a punch. Whether it’s climbing stairs, walking briskly, doing a quick set of squats, or dancing around your living room, the science behind these micro workouts is stacking up, and the results are impressive.
The phrase exercise snacks was first coined back in 2007 by Dr. Howard Hartley, a cardiologist and then a professor at Harvard Medical School. But it’s only recently that the practice has gone viral, with multiple studies now proving just how effective short bursts of activity can be.
Why ‘Exercise Snacks’ Work Wonders
A 2022 study published in Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews demonstrated that doing short spurts of activity as little as 15 to 30 seconds just three times a day led to improvements in cardiovascular fitness and exercise performance in previously sedentary adults. The workouts? Simple activities like stair climbing or short cycling intervals.
In a separate 2023 study featured in JAMA Oncology, researchers tracked over 22,000 adults who previously didn’t engage in formal workouts. After they began doing short, vigorous physical activities — averaging just 3.5 to 4.5 minutes per day their cancer risk dropped significantly. Those who maintained the habit saw up to a one-third reduction in cancer incidence. These bursts were so short that they typically lasted under two minutes each.
Even your brain benefits. According to a 2024 study in the Journal of the Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association, adding just a bit of moderate to vigorous exercise to your daily routine can lower your risk of developing dementia. Those who were previously inactive saw the biggest improvements.
Michael Betts, a London-based personal trainer and director at TrainFitness, puts it simply: “Doing anything is better than doing nothing. As long as you’re moving and putting just a bit of stress on your body, it will adapt and improve.”
How to Make Exercise Snacks Part of Your Life
The beauty of this trend is how accessible it is. You don’t need fancy gear or a gym membership just your body and a willingness to move.
Dr. Supatra Tovar, a clinical psychologist and holistic health expert, encourages her clients to start small and build consistency. “Tiny changes lead to big results,” she says. Her go-to trick? Tie a quick movement to something you already do every day — like brushing your teeth. Finish your routine with a few jumping jacks or lunges, and you’ve added movement without overhauling your schedule.

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Snack Your Way to Strength
Walking is one of the easiest exercise snacks you can start with. It can be a stroll around your block or even a few laps inside your home. Once comfortable, you can upgrade to intervals — increasing your speed for 20 seconds and slowing down for 10, repeating a few times to gently push your limits.
Not into walking? Try wall push-ups for upper-body strength or squats to build your leg muscles. If you want to conquer stairs with ease, practice climbing them faster than usual.
“There’s always an exercise snack that can improve your strength or endurance,” Betts says. As you get stronger, you can level up. Push-ups on a wall can become floor push-ups. Chair squats can evolve into free-standing air squats. A walk can grow into a jog.
NEAT: The Secret Sauce of Everyday Movement
Dr. Tovar is also a big believer in NEAT Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis. This is the energy you burn doing non-exercise activities: cleaning the house, gardening, carrying groceries, playing with your kids, or even just fidgeting. NEAT can burn up to 2,000 calories per day if you’re constantly moving without setting foot in a gym.
She references people in blue zones regions like Okinawa, Japan, and Sardinia, Italy, where people frequently live to 100. What do they have in common? They move naturally all day long. They walk everywhere, tend gardens, and perform daily chores by hand — all forms of NEAT movement that keep them healthy and active well into old age.
The Bottom Line: Motion Is Magic
The body thrives on movement. As Betts notes, “Your body is kind of lazy if you don’t use it, it deteriorates.” But give it a little nudge here and there with these bite-sized workouts, and your body will respond by getting stronger, fitter, and healthier.
So if you’ve been putting off fitness because you think it takes too much time, consider this your permission to snack. On exercise, that is. In the time it takes to scroll social media or reheat your coffee, you could be stacking health benefits that last a lifetime.
Health & Wellness
Colorectal Cancer on the Rise Among Young Adults: What You Need to Know
Published
1 month agoon
April 23, 2025
Once thought of as a disease predominantly affecting older adults, colorectal cancer is now steadily creeping into younger age groups — and it’s raising red flags across the medical community. In recent years, more young adults under 50 are being diagnosed with this potentially deadly cancer, often at later stages. While overall colorectal cancer rates have declined due to better screening and awareness, a concerning trend has emerged: early-onset colorectal cancer is rising, and it’s not slowing down.
Doctors and researchers are urging younger individuals to take gastrointestinal symptoms seriously and advocate for screenings. Because when it comes to colorectal cancer, early detection isn’t just a best practice — it’s a life-saver.
Why Is This Happening?
While scientists haven’t pinpointed a single cause behind the increase in colorectal cancer cases among younger adults, several lifestyle-related factors are under scrutiny. Diets high in red and processed meats, low fibre intake, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are all linked to increased colorectal cancer risk. Environmental exposures and even gut microbiome imbalances may also play a role.
Genetics contribute in some cases, but many young patients have no family history of the disease, leaving experts puzzled and concerned. What’s clear is that colorectal cancer is no longer just an “older person’s disease,” and that mindset needs to change fast.
Real Stories Underscore the Urgency
Behind the statistics are real people whose lives were upended by unexpected diagnoses. Sydney Stoner, a 27-year-old from Arkansas, had to lie about seeing blood in her stool to convince her doctors to order a colonoscopy. That decision may have saved her life. She was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer. After four years of treatment, her cancer is now considered stable.
In another case, Angelica McFall, a 48-year-old Nebraska woman with no symptoms or family history, was shocked to learn she had stage 3 colon cancer after her first routine colonoscopy. Thanks to timely intervention, she is now cancer-free and passionately encourages others to get screened.
William Lindley, 38, initially brushed off his symptoms as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It wasn’t until a colonoscopy revealed stage 4 colon cancer that he realised the danger of ignoring persistent stomach issues. He’s now urging others to pay closer attention to what their bodies are telling them.

Colorectal-Cancer-on-the-Rise-Among-Young—-Adults
Six Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Colorectal cancer can be sneaky, often developing without noticeable symptoms until it’s already in advanced stages. However, six warning signs can serve as potential red flags:
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Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation lasting more than a few days)
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Blood in the stool (bright red or dark tarry stools)
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Abdominal pain or cramping
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Unexplained weight loss
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Persistent fatigue or weakness
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A feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially in combination, consult a doctor immediately.
Screenings Save Lives
Colonoscopies remain the most effective method for detecting colorectal cancer. The procedure allows doctors not only to identify cancerous growths but to remove precancerous polyps before they become dangerous. Despite being invasive, colonoscopies are considered the gold standard for a reason — they can prevent cancer from developing.
Other screening options include stool-based tests, which can be completed at home and detect blood or abnormal DNA in the stool. There are also blood-based tests and imaging scans, but these should often be followed up by a colonoscopy if results indicate something abnormal.
Dr. Cindy Kin, a surgeon at Stanford Health Care, emphasises the importance of screening: “Most polyps and cancers are not symptomatic, so don’t wait for symptoms before getting checked out.”
When to Get Screened
The American Cancer Society recommends beginning regular colorectal cancer screenings at age 45. However, those with a family history of colorectal cancer or conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should consider starting earlier. Talk to your healthcare provider to determine a plan tailored to your personal risk profile.
For people without symptoms or family history, screenings are typically recommended every 10 years. However, this interval may be shortened based on individual risk factors or if polyps are found during the procedure.
The Medical Community Is Taking Note
Healthcare providers are being urged to listen more carefully to younger patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms — especially as the old assumptions about age and risk no longer hold. Dr. Babak Firoozi, a gastroenterologist in California, warns, “Any concerning symptoms should be addressed, regardless of age.”
Dr. Anton Bilchik, a surgical oncologist, echoes this call to action: “Colon cancer is now a young person’s disease. Don’t dismiss blood in the stool or unexpected weight loss as something minor.”
A Curable Cancer — If Caught Early
The key message from experts is this: colorectal cancer is highly treatable when detected early. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. But survival rates drop sharply as the disease progresses, underscoring the urgency of early screening and self-advocacy.
Dr. Katherine Van Loon, an oncologist at UCSF, puts it bluntly: “This is a cancer that is entirely curable if we catch it early. Pay attention to your body and be prepared to self-advocate.”
Final Thoughts
Colorectal cancer is no longer a disease confined to older generations. Its silent march into younger demographics demands awareness, vigilance, and action. Whether it’s through regular screenings, recognising symptoms, or simply trusting your gut when something feels off — your health could depend on it.
Don’t wait for symptoms. Don’t assume you’re too young. Get screened, speak up, and encourage those around you to do the same. Because when it comes to colorectal cancer, catching it early can mean the difference between life and death.
Health & Wellness
The Truth About Health Information: How to Spot and Stop Misinformation and Disinformation

Published
1 month agoon
April 22, 2025
In today’s digital world, information is always at our fingertips. With a single tap or swipe, we can access answers to questions about almost anything—including health. But just because information is easy to find doesn’t mean it’s always accurate. As the digital landscape grows, so does the problem of misinformation and disinformation, especially around health.
Health misinformation and disinformation aren’t new challenges, but in the age of viral videos, social media influencers, and clickbait headlines, the spread is faster—and more dangerous—than ever.
The Digital Dilemma
The internet and social media have revolutionised the way we share and consume content. But without proper checks and balances, the line between credible information and falsehoods often gets blurred.
A recent report from the International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) sounded the alarm, pointing to the risks posed by unregulated platforms. Social media, while powerful for education and outreach, has also become a breeding ground for half-truths, misunderstandings, and outright lies. And when it comes to health, misinformation can have serious—even deadly—consequences.
But why is this happening?
According to Professor Stephan Lewandowsky, chair in cognitive psychology at the University of Bristol and project lead of PRODEMINFO at Potsdam University, there are two key culprits: misinformation and disinformation.
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Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information that’s spread unintentionally. It often arises from misunderstandings, misinterpretations, or simply passing along outdated facts.
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Disinformation, on the other hand, is far more deliberate. It’s the purposeful spread of false information with an agenda—whether political, financial, or ideological. This kind of manipulation is what makes disinformation particularly insidious.
Why Do We Fall for It?
False health information isn’t always easy to spot—especially when it’s wrapped in slick visuals, confident language, or shared by someone we know and trust. Social media algorithms tend to reinforce what we already believe, creating echo chambers where the same misleading ideas get repeated over and over until they feel like truth.
Cognitive biases also play a big role. People are more likely to believe information that aligns with their existing beliefs or experiences—a phenomenon known as confirmation bias. Prof. Lewandowsky explains that once a piece of misinformation is accepted, it can be surprisingly persistent, even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
This is why some people continue to believe myths about vaccines, nutrition, or disease cures long after those myths have been publicly debunked.

The-Truth-About-Health-Information-How-to-Spot-Stop
Learning to Navigate the Noise
So how do we protect ourselves and others from falling victim to health misinformation?
Dr. Jenny Yu, MD, FACS, Chief Health Officer at RVO Health, offers some critical advice: Start by examining your sources. “Make sure the information you’re reading is backed by credible institutions—whether it’s a well-known hospital, government agency, or peer-reviewed journal,” she says.
Here are a few simple strategies to avoid being misled:
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Pause before sharing: If something seems shocking, too good to be true, or emotionally charged, take a moment to verify it before clicking “share.”
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Check the author and source: Look for credentials. Is the content written by a medical expert or a random blog with no clear background?
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Cross-reference information: See if the same claim appears on other trustworthy sites. Misinformation tends to live in isolated pockets.
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Be wary of absolutes: Health is nuanced. Beware of statements that say something “always” works or “never” fails.
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Look for citations: Reliable health information is often supported by studies and research. If sources are missing, that’s a red flag.
Changing Minds, Gently
One of the biggest challenges isn’t just spotting bad information—it’s changing the minds of people who already believe it. According to Prof. Lewandowsky, the key lies in empathetic communication. “Facts alone don’t always change beliefs,” he says. “It’s important to understand where someone is coming from and gently guide them toward more accurate information.”
He suggests using what’s called “prebunking”—teaching people about common myths and how they spread before they encounter them. This can build psychological resilience and reduce the impact of false information.
Another useful approach is storytelling. Personal narratives—especially from people who have been harmed by following bad health advice—can be more persuasive than statistics alone.
The Path Forward
We’re living in an age of information abundance, but with that comes the responsibility to think critically and share thoughtfully. Everyone has a role to play—from tech companies designing algorithms to health professionals communicating with the public to everyday users scrolling through their feeds.
Misinformation thrives in confusion. Clarity, empathy, and education are our strongest defences.
As we move forward, it’s not just about stopping the spread of false health info—it’s about creating a culture where accuracy, understanding, and human connection are prioritized.
The next time you’re tempted to share that “miracle cure” or “urgent warning,” take a step back. Ask yourself, Is this true? Is this helpful? Could this do harm?
That small pause might be the most powerful tool we have in the fight against misinformation.
Health & Wellness
Fluoride in Drinking Water: Safe at Low Levels, But the Debate Continues

Published
1 month agoon
April 17, 2025
The debate around fluoride in public water supplies has resurfaced after Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. proposed a nationwide ban on fluoridation. Citing concerns about potential neurotoxic effects in children, Kennedy’s proposal comes amidst growing global scrutiny over fluoride exposure. While his stance has raised questions and reignited concerns, most health experts continue to support fluoridated water at current U.S. levels, pointing to decades of evidence demonstrating its role in promoting dental health.
Fluoride, a naturally occurring mineral, has been added to public water systems in the United States since the mid-1940s to reduce tooth decay, especially in communities with limited access to dental care. Currently, the recommended level of fluoride in drinking water stands at 0.7 milligrams per litre, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This level, experts say, balances the dental benefits of fluoride with the risk of side effects like dental fluorosis.
Kennedy’s call for a ban follows Utah’s recent decision to become the first U.S. state to prohibit fluoride in public water supplies. In parallel, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has committed to reviewing new scientific findings related to fluoride safety, signalling potential shifts in future policy.
Though Kennedy cannot enforce a federal ban on fluoride in water, he can influence public health guidelines through agencies like the CDC or push for the EPA to adjust the maximum allowed levels. His position is partly fuelled by recent studies suggesting that high fluoride exposure may be linked to lower IQ levels in children, particularly in non-U.S. countries with elevated fluoride levels.
A recent study published in JAMA Paediatrics found an association between high fluoride levels and diminished IQ scores in children from countries like China and India, where water fluoride levels often exceed international guidelines. However, experts caution against extrapolating those findings to the U.S. context.
Dr. Danelle Fisher, a paediatrician based in California, emphasised the importance of keeping public reaction grounded in facts. “We need to reassure people that the current fluoride levels in U.S. water are safe,” she said. “Children benefit from correctly fluoridated water, especially when combined with fluoridated toothpaste.”
Other experts agree, underscoring the distinction between systemic exposure (like drinking fluoridated water) and localised use (like brushing with fluoride toothpaste). Dr. Inderpal Randhawa, a paediatric pulmonologist, acknowledged potential health concerns tied to long-term fluoride exposure, including effects on the thyroid, bones, and other organs. However, he noted that fluoridation might still be beneficial in areas with limited access to dental services.
Despite these reassurances, the body of research on fluoride is far from conclusive. Critics like Dr. Bruce Lanphear of Simon Fraser University argue that the evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of fluoridated water isn’t as robust as once believed. Lanphear co-authored an editorial accompanying the JAMA Paediatrics study and advocates for removing fluoride from drinking water, citing possible neurodevelopmental risks and insufficient modern research supporting systemic fluoridation.
He points to a 2024 Cochrane Review that found only modest benefits of water fluoridation on reducing cavities—suggesting a potential reduction of only a few percent. “The evidence about the effectiveness of water fluoridation has never been particularly rigorous,” Lanphear said. “And now we’re seeing potential harms.”
Dental fluorosis—white or brown staining on teeth caused by excessive fluoride—has become more common in U.S. children over recent decades, prompting health agencies to lower the recommended fluoride level in water from 1.2 mg/L to the current 0.7 mg/L. While fluorosis is largely cosmetic, its increasing prevalence has added to concerns about overexposure.
Yet, the potential risks must be weighed against the historical benefits. Before fluoridation became widespread, dental decay was rampant in children, often leading to serious infections and complications. “We’ve seen what happens without fluoride,” Dr. Fisher said. “Dental problems don’t just stop at the mouth. They can affect the whole body and even cause life-threatening infections.”
Dr. Randhawa echoed the need for context, advocating for a more nuanced approach. In areas with high-quality dental infrastructure and regular access to fluoride-based products, water fluoridation might be unnecessary. In underserved communities, however, fluoridated water remains a vital public health tool.
Ultimately, both sides of the fluoride debate agree on one thing: more research is needed. Experts are calling for long-term studies conducted in the U.S. that evaluate fluoride exposure levels and their potential impacts on children’s health—including cognitive development. Dr. Fisher urged for future research that’s specific to American populations and not based solely on international data.
“If we find out that the current fluoride levels are too high or too low, we can make adjustments,” she said. “But right now, the existing levels are considered safe and beneficial.”
As public health officials, researchers, and concerned citizens continue to examine fluoride’s role in water systems, it’s clear that a balanced, science-driven approach is essential. Panic or misinformation, experts warn, could undermine decades of progress in public dental health.
“Fluoride is not something to be feared when used appropriately,” Dr. Fisher concluded. “We need to stay informed, support high-quality research, and do what’s best for our children—both for their teeth and their overall well-being.”
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