In a groundbreaking scientific discovery that’s already stirring both awe and curiosity, researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, have identified what they describe as a “new color” — one that cannot be seen under ordinary circumstances and exists beyond the limits of natural human vision. Dubbed “Olo,” this ultra-saturated blue-green hue could redefine how we think about color, even if it may be years before we see it represented in fashion, design, or technology.
The discovery, published in Science Advances, involved a high-tech experiment in which laser beams were used to directly stimulate individual cone cells in the retinas of five participants. These cone cells — specifically the “M” cones, which are typically sensitive to green wavelengths — responded by producing a perceptual experience of a color that doesn’t exist in our natural visual world. According to lead researcher and UC Berkeley professor Ren Ng, Olo appeared to all participants as an incredibly vivid, saturated blue-green that surpassed any existing teal or turquoise.
A Visionary Breakthrough
To grasp the uniqueness of Olo, it’s important to understand how human vision processes color. Most people have three types of cone cells in their retinas — “S,” “M,” and “L” — each tuned to detect short (blue), medium (green), and long (red) wavelengths of light, respectively. This trichromatic system allows us to perceive millions of color variations. But the experiment bypassed normal sensory pathways by stimulating only the M cones with highly focused laser beams.
The result? A visual perception that exceeded any natural example of teal, even laser-generated teal light, which is among the most saturated known colors. As Ng put it, “Olo is the color you get if you could dial the saturation beyond the real world.” In fact, in order to compare Olo to anything remotely close, researchers had to desaturate it using white light — a testament to its unparalleled intensity.
Olo’s Limits — For Now
As thrilling as this discovery may be, there’s a catch: Olo currently can’t be replicated outside of controlled lab environments. Because it relies on precision laser stimulation at the cellular level, it can’t yet be translated into materials like paint or digital displays. That means consumers won’t be seeing Olo show up in textiles, cosmetics, or home décor any time soon.
Still, Ng believes that future innovations in display technology might someday allow for Olo to be experienced more widely. For now, the color remains largely theoretical — a product of the human visual system’s untapped potential.
To illustrate Olo to the public, a very pale approximation was included in media coverage of the discovery. However, Ng emphasized that the image fails to capture Olo’s defining trait: its intense saturation. “Imagine peacock feathers,” he said, “then keep increasing the richness and depth of the color. You’d still fall short of Olo.”

A Color Beyond the Rainbow
The implications of this discovery extend beyond the novelty of a new hue. Scientists are now exploring whether the human brain can perceive colors beyond our current known spectrum — essentially, a dimension of color perception “beyond the rainbow.” If such dimensions exist and can be harnessed, it could revolutionize not only art and design but also our understanding of human perception.
This aligns with ongoing research into tetrachromacy — a rare condition where individuals, mostly women, possess a fourth type of cone cell in their eyes. This could allow them to distinguish hundreds of millions of colors, far more than the average person. Ng’s team is also studying how tetrachromacy could be applied in practice, including in printing technologies and digital displays.
Fashion and Color Experts React
Leatrice Eiseman, the executive director of the Pantone Color Institute, expressed cautious enthusiasm about the discovery. While she hasn’t seen Olo herself, she noted that its description suggests it could resemble — or even surpass — the deepest, richest teal tones already recognized in the Pantone system. “People are always fascinated by that which can be imagined but not actually seen,” she said.
Eiseman also noted that Olo’s emergence could spark renewed interest in the blue-green palette, especially on platforms like social media where color trends rapidly evolve. “It adds a layer of mystery and excitement to an already popular color family,” she added.
A Cosmic Connection
Interestingly, Eiseman also drew a connection between Olo and the cultural fascination with space travel. “Colors like deep teal and rich blue-greens often evoke the vast unknowns of outer space,” she said. With recent events like the breakup of the vibrant green Comet C/2025 F2 (SWAN), the public’s imagination has already been primed for celestial and otherworldly visuals — and Olo fits right in.
Whether or not Olo ever becomes wearable or printable, it stands as a milestone in the study of vision. It suggests that our visual world may be more expansive than previously believed — and that, with the right technology, we may one day unlock new sensory experiences that reshape our understanding of reality.
Until then, Olo remains a tantalizing glimpse into the unseen — a color not of this world, but perhaps, one day, part of it.