Health experts have discovered that certain blockbuster weight-loss drugs could significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks, offering new hope for broader cardiovascular protection. Certain blockbuster weight-loss drugs have been found to offer significant protection to the heart, and new research indicates that the cardiovascular benefits of these drugs may extend to a much broader set of patients than clinical trial data has previously shown. This new insight suggests that these drugs, specifically GLP-1 receptor agonists, could prevent tens of thousands of heart attacks and strokes in the United States each year. These findings could mark a substantial shift in how these drugs are viewed, moving beyond their use for weight loss to potentially becoming critical tools in preventing cardiovascular events on a much larger scale.Clinical trial data from Novo Nordisk, the pharmaceutical company behind Wegovy, showed that people who used the drug had a 20% lower risk of experiencing a cardiac event, such as a heart attack or stroke, compared to those who were given a placebo. This data prompted the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March to approve an update to Wegovy’s label, making it the first weight-loss medication officially approved to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, or heart-related death in individuals who are at a higher risk of these conditions. Wegovy belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, and its active ingredient, semaglutide, is also available as Ozempic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Novo Nordisk’s clinical trial, however, was limited to people who were living with obesity and had already experienced a previous cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack or stroke, or those with symptoms of peripheral artery disease, which includes conditions like clogged arteries in the limbs. This group is at higher risk of future heart problems, and the trial focused on whether Wegovy could help prevent subsequent events in this population.
Now, new research from Dandelion Health, a health platform leveraging real-world data and artificial intelligence (AI) to advance personalized care, suggests that GLP-1 drugs could also be highly effective as a primary prevention method. This means that these drugs might significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes even for people who have mild or moderate cardiovascular disease but have not yet suffered a major cardiovascular event. The implications of this research are profound, as it suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists could benefit an even larger group of people than previously thought, extending beyond those with a history of heart disease.
The researchers at Dandelion Health used AI to analyze real-world medical records of patients who shared similarities with those in the Novo Nordisk clinical trial but had no history of major cardiovascular events. By tracking years of medical data, particularly focusing on electrocardiogram readings (which measure the heart’s electrical activity), the AI model predicted the potential benefits of GLP-1 drugs in reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The AI-driven predictions were then validated against actual patient outcomes.
What the researchers found was striking: GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of heart attack or stroke by 15% to 20%—a result that mirrors the findings of the clinical trial but for a much broader population. Based on these results, the researchers estimate that if everyone in this larger group of potentially eligible patients took GLP-1 drugs, it could prevent around 34,000 heart attacks and strokes in the U.S. each year. This could transform the way cardiovascular disease is managed in millions of people, marking a shift toward using GLP-1 drugs as a cornerstone in heart disease prevention.
“In clinical research, you take the moderate to severe patients because you require fewer patients to prove out the efficacy. But there’s this huge danger that you will consistently miss the impact of medication on broader populations because you just can’t afford the time or money to study them. This is just a natural flaw of clinical research,” explained Elliott Green, co-founder and CEO of Dandelion Health. He emphasised that broadening the scope of research through the use of AI can help capture data on patients who might otherwise be overlooked in traditional clinical trials—those he referred to as the “clinically silent” group.
The potential for GLP-1 drugs to reshape cardiovascular care has already been transformative. Many experts now consider these drugs not merely as weight-loss solutions but as powerful tools that promote overall health, particularly heart health. Dr. Harlan Krumholz, a cardiologist and scientist at Yale University and Yale New Haven Hospital, who was not involved in the Dandelion Health analysis, sees the growing evidence of the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1s as potentially game-changing. “We could reframe the discussion,” Krumholz said, explaining that instead of focusing solely on the weight-loss effects of these drugs, the conversation could shift to how they help reduce cardiovascular risk and promote longer, healthier lives. This added evidence of heart health benefits may help persuade more people to consider the use of GLP-1 drugs.
Dr. Brendan Everett, a cardiologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and associate professor at Harvard Medical School, is among the physicians who have already begun prescribing GLP-1 drugs for their cardiovascular benefits. “I am a preventive cardiologist who wants people to be well and has watched this epidemic of obesity and what we call cardiometabolic disease consume the United States over the past two or three decades,” he said. Everett highlighted that GLP-1 drugs have created an “absolute paradigm shift” in the way cardiovascular disease is treated. He believes that expanding the use of these drugs to patients with mild or moderate cardiovascular disease could provide even greater benefits, as long as the costs and prevention goals are clearly understood.
However, the cost of GLP-1 drugs remains a critical consideration. A recent analysis published in *Health Affairs* suggested that if Medicare were to cover weight-loss drugs like Wegovy, Part D spending could increase by $3 billion annually, even if only 5% of eligible patients were prescribed the drug. However, preventing costly heart attacks and strokes through the use of GLP-1 drugs could potentially offset these costs in other areas of healthcare. For example, research from last year found that each heart attack costs hospitals an average of about $19,000.
While clinical trials with randomized controls, such as those conducted by Novo Nordisk, remain the gold standard for determining the safety and efficacy of medications, AI-driven research like that from Dandelion Health offers valuable insights. This new research also had some advantages over the Novo Nordisk trial. For instance, the Dandelion Health analysis included a more diverse patient population, with a more balanced ratio of men and women and nearly three times the number of non-white patients. Additionally, the AI model was able to identify the decreased cardiovascular risk in less than two years, whereas the Novo Nordisk clinical trial took over three years to complete.
As heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States and stroke is the fifth leading cause, the opportunities to improve cardiovascular health through the use of GLP-1 drugs are significant. With the growing popularity of these medications, additional data from real-world analyses and clinical trials could help healthcare providers better allocate the currently limited supply to those who would benefit the most.